Spray-nozzle



H. D. BINKS.

SPRAY NOZZLE.

APPLICATION FILED .IULY 12.1918.

Patented July 22, 1919.

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nann n. IBINKS, or RIVER roans'r, rumors.

SPRAY-NOZZLE.

Specification 01 Letters Patent.

Application filed July 12, 1918. Serial No. 244,555.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY D. Bmxs, citizen of the United States, residing at River Forest, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Spray-Nozzles; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. a

My invention relates to spray nozzles, some of its general objects being to provide a nozzle which will be unusually sim 1e and cheaply manufactured, which will 0 er very little frictional resistance to the liquid, and which cannot readily be clogged by foreign matter in the liquid or by scale deposits from the latter. Another object of my invention is to provide a nozzle construction which will produce a substantially homogeneous spray; that is to say, a spray which will be substantially uniform throughout its crosssection, and to rovide a construction for this purpose WhlCh may readily be varied as to the angle of dispersion of the spray while maintaining the said uniformity or homogeneity. A further object is to provide a spray nozzle construction which may easily be varied to alter the density or distribution of the particles in various portions of the spray. Still further objects will appear from the following specification, and from the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a central and longitudinal section through a spray nozzle embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a transverse section through the same, taken from a plane immediately above the core of the nozzle.

Fig. 3 is an elevation of the core of the nozzle of Fig. 1, taken in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an elevation of a nozzle-suitable for embodying my invention and having helical vanes in place of the flat vanes of Figs. 1 to 3 incluslve.

Fig. 5 is a plan view indicating some of the motional tendencies of the liquid when entering the taperin or spray-producing part of the casing of t e nozzle.

In the embodiment of the drawings, the nozzle of my invention includes a tubular housing having a substantially cylindrical portion 1, which portion desirably has a threaded end for attachment to a supply pipe for the liquid, and having a tapering portion 2 terminating in a contracted aperture 3. Within the substantially cylindrical portion of the housing I mount a core, which is rigidly held in position by any suitable means such as a screw 5.

The nozzle core desirably consists of two vanes, each substantially semi-elliptical in contour and arranged with the longitudinal axes of both semi-ellipses in a common plane extending lon itudinally and centrally of the housing 0 the nozzle. The vanes thus descrlbed are of such contour as to closely fit the bore of the cylindrical portion of the housing; that is to say, their curved peripheral portions form arts of a common cylindrical surface close y approaching the bore of the nozzle in diameter, so as to substantially fit this bore. The two vanes as thus described are symmetrically disposed with respect to the axis of the nozzle and oblique to the latter. Besides being secured to each other in this obliquely intersecting relation, they are also joined forwardly of their intersection by a substantially triangularly sectioned web 6, which web desirably extends parallel to the axis of the nozzle and substantially along the said common axes of the two semi-elliptical vanes. However, this web extends forwardly of the core for a shorter distance than either of the said vanes, thereby only overlapping part of the forward ends of the vanes.

Liquid admitted under pressure into the larger end of the nozzle is divided by the vanes into two portions, each of which por-' tions follows the surface of one of the vanes and is partly deflected from this surface against the bore of the nozzle casing, so that this bore cooperates With the oblique or helical disposition of the vane in tending to rotate the liquid. With-the vanes symmetrically arranged, the result, if a triangular web 6 were omitted would be a simple rotation of the column of liquid about the axis of the nozzle, thereby projecting a hollow jet into the tapering portion 2 of the housing and consequently producing a hollow spray. However, .a portion of the liquid deflected from the rear surface of each vane and from the bore of the casing is deflected against the upper surface of the opposite vane and hence flows along the latter surface. The radially outer part of the liquid thus following the upward surface of the vane can issue freely from the tip of the latter and hence continue Patented July as, rare.

its spirall advancingmovement. However, the radially inner portions of each half of the column of liquid are interfered within their rotational advance by the web 6, wlnch deflects these liquid portions. The liquid parts thus deflected cross the path of some of the outer liquid portions, thus disturbing the uniformity of distribution and tending to force the liquid radially inward from the casing toward the fin. Thus, my experiments have shown that if the nozzle casing were out 01f just back of its tapering portion, the liquid when at a moderate pressure will issue approximately as shown in Fig. 5; that is to say, the two stream portions into which the liquid is divided by the nozzle core will each have one of its edge parts of greatly augmented density. With the casing extended, this increase in density will force the liquid radially inward or toward the axis of the hollow stream which the two .vapes would form without the presence of t 'fin.

Consequently, upon increasing the pressure of the liquid to a pressure sultable for producing a spray, parts of the liquid are forced radially inward, producing a solid stream closely. embracing the core. However, this solid stream is not only subjected to the rotational movement produced by the cooperation of the vanes with the bore of the casing, but also has some of its parts subjected to relatively transverse strains, owing to the effect of the web 6. To what extent these transverse strains aid in producing a spray of substantially uniform consistency, I have been unable to determine. However, I have found that by suitably proportioning the height or forward extension of the web, I can produce av spray which will have no hollow central portion and in which the drops will be distributed with substantial uniformity or homogeneity throughout the cross-section of the spray.

I have also found that by varying the height or forward extension of the web, I can alter this uniformity of distribution, so as to produce other effects when desirable. That is to say, by lengthening the web I can produce a spray having a relatively dense or heavy center, while by shortening the web I can produce a spray having outer portions relatively dense as compared with the inner portions. Likewise, by varying the obliquity or pitch of the vanes with respect to the axis of the nozzle, I can increase or decrease the dispersion angle of the conical spray, thereby varying the spread of the spray. Each such change in the inclination or pitch of the vanes correspondingly varies the rotational tendency imparted to the liquid, but I can compensate this by suitably varying the height of the fin, so that with my construction I can easily provide nozzle cores for producing any desired conical angle of spray while maintaining either a uniformity of distribution of the spray, or any desired relation between the density of the radially 1nner and outer portions of the spray. By using substantially flat vanes as shown in the first three figures of the drawings, such changes may be made quite cheaply. However, I do not wish to be limited to. the use of flat vanes, nor to other details of the construction and arrangement herein disclosed, it being obvious that the same may be modltied in many ways without departing from the spirit of my invention. For example, Fig. 4; shows a nozzle core suitable for embodying 1n invention and having vanes of substantially true helical formation.

It will be obvious from the drawings that the core of my nozzle affords unusually large passages for the liquid, and that it has no perfortions. notches or other parts adapted to be clogged. So also, it will be obvious that this core has no central hub or other part contracting the efiective passages for the liquid, thus reducing the friction, for which latter purpose I also desirably chamfer the rear ends of the vanes as shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings. 'Ihese chamfered ends as pictured aline with the forward tip portions of the opposite vanes in directions longitudinal of the nozzle, and the sides of the web may aline respectively with the forward ends of the vanes. though I do not wish to be limited to such alining relations of the parts just mentioned.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a spray nozzle, ahousing; and a core housed thereby and comprising two vanes of substantially semi-elliptical contour symmetrically and obliquely disposed with respect to the axis of the housing and cooperating in tending to produce a hollow rotating stream; and means associated with the forward ends of the vanes for impeding the rotation of the central portion of the stream and thereby causing movements of liquid particles for preventing the production of a hollow stream.

2. A core for a spray nozzle, comprising two vane portions of an operatively helical nature symmetrically disposed about a common axis, and a substantially flat web connecting the forward end portions of the vanes and extending longitudinally of the said axis.

3. A core for a spray nozzle comprising two vanes of substantially semi-elliptical contour symmetrically disposed in approxim ately helical formation and having the axis of the said semi-ellipses substantially in a common plane, and a web connecting forward end portions of the vane and extending substantially along the said common plane.

4. In a spray nozzle, a housing, a core mounted therein and having vanes shaped for dividing the incoming stream of liquid into two halves and for imparting rotational movement to eachhalf of the liquid about the axis of the housing, and single means for impeding the rotational movement of the part of each half of the liquid which is adjacent to the said axis.

5. In a spray nozzle, a housing and a core mounted therein; the core comprising a plurality of vanes each having its forward end overlapping the rear end of the other vane in a direction longitudinally of the nozzle and each having its rear surface cooperating with the bore of the housing for deflecting parts of the incomingstream of liquid against the forward surface of the other vane, so as to cause a portion of the liquid to flow along the said forward surfaces; and a single member uniting the forward ends of the vanes at a distance from the housing and disposed for impeding the flow of radially inner portions of the liquid along the forward surfaces of the vanes.

6. In a spray nozzle, a housing having a spray-producing chamber, and a core mounted in the housing back of the said chamber; the said core comprising a pair of vanes disposed in substantially helical formation and each of approximately semielliptical contour, and a web connecting the said vanes and extending forward from the juncture of the vanes; the forward extension of the said web being so proportioned to the pitch of the vanes as to cooperate with the spray-producing chamber in producing a substantially homogeneous spray.

7. A spray nozzle comprising a casing having a tapering portion, and a core housed by the casing; the said core comprising a plurality of vane portions of an operatively helical nature symmetrically disposed about the axis of the said casing and cooperating with the bore of the casing in tending to produce a hollow conical spray, and single means associated with the forward ends of all of the vanes for impeding the rotation imparted by the vanes to radially inner parts of the liquid, the said means being proportioned in size to both the pitch of the vanes and the desired density of the central portion of the resulting spray.

8. The method of producing a substantially homogeneous spray, which consists in prO ecting into a tapering nozzle housing a single stream of liquid advancingspira-lly about the axis of the nozzle, and in impeding the rate of rotational movement of relatively inner portions of the said stream substantially at the point at-which the stream enters the larger end of the tapering housing.

9. The method of producing a spray of a desired distribution angle and density,

which consists in projecting into a tapering nozzle a single stream of liquid advancing spirally about the axis of the nozzle and having its rate of spiral advancement so proportioned to the taper of the nozzle as to tend to produce a spray of a wider dispersion angle than that desired, and in impeding the rate of rotational'movement of relatively inner portions of the said stream substantially at the entrance of the stream into the larger end of the tapering nozzle, the extent of the said impeding being proportioned to the desired intensity of the relatively inner portions of the spray.

10. A spray nozzle core comprising a relatively thin web extending longitudinally of the core and positioned for subdividing the incoming stream of liquid into two portions, and vanes positioned for imparting rotational movement to all of the liquid before the latter reaches the said web and for imparting rotational movement to part of the liquid after the latter passes beyond the forward end of the said web.

11. A spray-nozzle core comprising two substantially fiat vanes each of substantially semi-elliptical contour disposed obliquely to each other and to a common axis, and an auxiliary element connecting the vanes forwardly of their intersection, the curved edges of the vanes forming parts of a common cylindrical surface.

12. A nozzle core as per claim 11 in which the rear end of each vane is chamfered and in alinement longitudinally of the nozzle with the forward tip portion of the other vane.

13. A nozzle core as per claim 11, in which the auxiliary element terminates, in a plane transverse of the said axis and disposed rearwardly of the forward tips of the vanes.

14. A spray nozzle comprising a casing and a core housed thereby; the said core comprising a plurality of vanes of an operatively helical nature symmetrically dis.- posed about the axis of the casing and 00- operating in tending to produce a hollow rotating stream, and means associated with the forward ends of thevanes for impeding the rotation of portions of the liquid near the said axis and tnereby causing movements of liquid particles for preventing the production of the hollow stream; the pitch of the vanes being proportioned to the desired dispersion angle, and the extent of the said means being proportioned to the desired density of the relatively inner portions of the spray.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, July 8th,

HARRY D. BINKS. 

